## Is object localization for free? Weakly-supervised learning with convolutional neural networks

Abstract: Successful methods for visual object recognition typically rely on training datasets containing lots of richly annotated images. Detailed image annotation, e.g. by object bounding boxes, however, is both expensive and often subjective. We describe a weakly supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) for object classification that relies only on image-level labels, yet can learn from cluttered scenes containing multiple objects. We quantify its object classification and object location prediction performance on the Pascal VOC 2012 (20 object classes) and the much larger Microsoft COCO (80 object classes) datasets. We find that the network (i) outputs accurate image-level labels, (ii) predicts approximate locations (but not extents) of objects, and (iii) performs comparably to its fully-supervised counterparts using object bounding box annotation for training.

Maxime Oquab, Léon Bottou, Josef Sivic and Ivan Laptev: Is object localization for free? – Weakly-supervised learning with convolutional neural networks, Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, 2015.
@inproceedings{oquab-2015,
author = {Oquab, Maxime and Bottou, L\'eon and Sivic, Josef and Laptev, Ivan},
title = {Is object localization for free? -- Weakly-supervised learning with convolutional neural networks},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
publisher = {IEEE},
year = {2015},
url = {http://leon.bottou.org/papers/oquab-2015},
}